commodity

Copper

The metal of electrification, used in power grids, buildings, motors and electronics. Mined mostly in the Americas and Africa and refined largely in China.

Figures checked Next check Feb 2027, after USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2027

Key figures

Each figure shows where it comes from and which year it describes.

~23 Mt

of copper was mined in 2025.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025 estimate

23%

of mined copper came from Chile, about 5.3 Mt. The DRC and Peru came next.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, our calculation · 2025 estimate

~29 Mt

of refined copper was produced, including copper from scrap.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · 2025 estimate

48%

of refined copper was produced in China, about 14 Mt.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, our calculation · 2025 estimate

Supply chain explainer

Interactive · 6 stages

Mined at 0.6%. Shipped at 25%. Refined to 99.99%.

Six stages from copper ore to cables, buildings and electric cars, with copper content and the record that moves at each handover.

  1. Mine0.3–3%
  2. Concentrator20–35%
  3. Smelter99–99.5%
  4. Refinery99.99%
  5. Rod and wire mill≥99.9%
  6. End customers≈1–4%

Update log

What changed on this page, and when.

  1. Scheduled

    Check production figures against USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2027.

  2. Published

    Page published with the supply chain explainer and key figures from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.

Related

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    Why traceability rollouts stall after the pilot, the data blueprint, the first 90 days and a go-live checklist.

  • One-pager · ImageTraceability rollout in one page

    Sixteen steps from naming the scale-up budget holder to showing momentum in the first 90 days, on a single page.

Sources

  1. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper
  2. The Copper Mark

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